A degree of Parisian aggression and plenty of persistence is necessary when attempting business in the capital. However, firmness, not rudeness, is in order. At the first meeting, non-French speakers should apologise for their lack of linguistic aptitude and respect the local formality, addressing colleagues with the appropriate Madame, Monsieur, Professeur or Docteur followed by the surname and a handshake. Business cards (preferably in French and English) should be presented. Small talk is an essential part of doing business, so it is wise to do a quick refresher on French politics and culture prior to the meeting and not to rush straight to talk of business. Smart, conservative dress is recommended.

Standard business hours are Monday to Friday 0830/0900-1800/1900. Lunches may last for two hours or more - it is best for one to schedule meetings at 1100 or 1500, unless for lunch itself. Business lunches, working dinners and breakfast meetings are common. There has, though, been a move in recent years away from boozy long lunches towards shorter less indulgent affairs. Whoever fixes the meeting is expected to settle the bill. Conducting business in August (during the Parisian exodus to the south) is to be avoided at all costs.