Far East.

GMT + 9.

122,762 sq km (47,399 sq miles).

22.9 million (UN estimate 2005).

186.5 per sq km.

Pyongyang. Population: 3.2 million (UN 2003).

The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea shares borders in the north with China, in the east with the Sea of Japan, in the west with the Yellow Sea, and in the south with the demilitarised zone (separating it from the Republic of Korea). Most of the land consists of hills and low mountains and only a small area is cultivable. Intensive water and soil conservation programmes, including land reclamation from the sea, are given high priority. The eastern coast is rocky and steep with mountains rising from the water and this area contains most of the waterways.

Communist Republic.

President Kim Jong-il since 1994. Jong-il is officially known as Chairman of the National Defence Commission, with the deceased Kim Il-sung regarded as the 'Eternal President'.

Premier Kim Yong-il since 2007.

Korean.

Buddhism, Christianity and Chundo Kyo are officially cited as the main religions.

110/220 volts AC, 60Hz.

Discretion and a low political profile are advised.

Photography: It is strongly advised to ask permission before taking a photo. Photographs of Korean officials or guarded buildings should be avoided.