* A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers coming from infected areas.

All water should be regarded as being potentially contaminated. Water used for drinking, brushing teeth or making ice should have first been boiled or otherwise sterilised. Milk is unpasteurised and should be boiled. Powdered or tinned milk is available and is advised. Avoid dairy products that are likely to have been made from unboiled milk. Only eat well-cooked meat and fish, preferably served hot. Vegetables should be cooked and fruit peeled.

Vaccinations against tuberculosis and hepatitis B are sometimes advised. Bilharzia is common but travellers can avoid it by not swimming and paddling in fresh water; only swimming pools which are well chlorinated and maintained are safe.

Health insurance is strongly recommended; it should include cover for emergency repatriation. Private and public healthcare is available, but public facilities can be very limited. It is highly recommended that visitors bring medication for stomach upsets.