Western Pacific Ocean.

GMT + 9.

458 sq km (196 sq miles), including Babeldaob Island, whose area is 409 sq km (158 sq miles).

20,842 (CIA estimate 2007).

45 per sq km.

Melekeok (replaced Koror as capital in 2006). Population: 391 (2005).

Palau lies 1,000km (600 miles) east of The Philippines. The archipelago stretches over 650km (400 miles) from the atoll of Kayangel to the islet of Tobi. The Palau islands include more than 200 islands, of which only eight are inhabited. With three exceptions, all of the islands are located within a single barrier reef and represent two geological formations. The largest are volcanic and rugged with interior jungle and large areas of grassed terraces. The Rock Islands, now known as the Floating Garden Islands, are of limestone formation, while Kayangel, at the northernmost tip, is a classic coral atoll.

Republic since 1947. Gained self-governing status (in free association with the USA) in 1994.

President Johnson Toribiong since 2009.

Former president Tommy Remengesau stepped down in January 2009, having served the maximum of two four-year terms.

English and Palauan.

Roman Catholic majority.

115/230 volts AC, 60 Hz.

Traditional Palauan society was a complex matriarchal system. The people are now amongst the most enterprising in the region, though a version of traditional beliefs, Modekngei, exists alongside the imported Christian beliefs. The political system is modelled on that of the USA, and Western culture is being assimilated – not least because of the many Palauans who continue their education abroad.