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Location
Middle East, Gulf Coast.
Time
GMT + 3.
Area
11,437 sq km (4,416 sq miles).
Population
907,229 (CIA estimate 2007).
Population Density
79 per sq km.
Capital
Doha. Population: 339,847 (2004).
Geography
Qatar is an oil-rich peninsula jutting out into the Gulf between Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates. There are low hills in the northwest, but the rest of the country consists of sand dunes and salt flats, with scattered vegetation towards the north. The country's most distinctive geographical feature is Khor al-Adaid, the inland sea surrounded by dunes near the Saudi Arabian border.
Government
Emirate since 1971. Gained independence from the UK in 1971.
Head of State
Crown Prince Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani since 1995.
Head of Government
Prime Minister Sheikh Hamad bin Jassem since 2007.
Recent History
The popular Emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani is responsible for the rapid modernisation of the country since he ousted his father in 1995. Wide-ranging reforms have included permitting women to drive and to vote, and a freedom of the press, most notably expressed through Al-Jazeera Independent Satellite TV Channels.
Language
Arabic is the official language. English is widely spoken.
Religion
Islam.
Electricity
220-240 volts AC, 50Hz.
Social Conventions
Qatar is a tolerant country but visitors will avoid giving offence if they observe a few courtesies, especially with regard to dress. Cover knees and shoulders, except within hotel grounds where more casual clothing is acceptable. At business and social functions, traditional Qatari coffee is served as part of the ritual welcome. Guests are served in order of seniority - a few drops are poured before topping up the cups of the remaining party. Cups must be held in the right hand: accept two cups - taking only one cup will embarrass the host; taking more than three will embarrass everybody else. Never pass or receive items with the left hand.