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Location
Southwestern Pacific.
Time
GMT + 11.
Area
27,556 sq km (10,639 sq miles).
Population
581,318 (official estimate 2008).
Population Density
20.57 per sq km.
Capital
Honiara. Population: 56,000 (estimate 2003).
Geography
The larger of the islands are 145 to 193km (90 to 120 miles) in length, while the smallest are no more than coral outcrops. The terrain is generally quite rugged, with foothills that rise gently to a peak and then fall away steeply to the sea on the other side. The capital of Honiara is situated on Guadalcanal Island, which also has the highest mountain, Mount Makarakombu, at 2,447m (8,028ft). There are a number of dormant volcanoes scattered throughout the archipelago.
Government
Constitutional monarchy. Gained independence from the UK in 1978.
Head of State
HM Queen Elizabeth II, represented locally by Governor-General Nathaniel Waena since 2004.
Head of Government
Prime Minister Derek Sikua since December 2007.
Recent History
Prime Minister Derek Sikua, a former education minister, was elected in December 2007. This followed the ousting of the leader Mr Manasseh Sogavare, who was forced to step down as prime minister when he lost a vote of confidence in parliament. He had been chosen by parliament in May 2006 following the resignation of Snyder Rini after just three weeks in the job. His election as prime minister in April 2006 led to protests and rioting in the capital, Honiara.
Language
English is the official language. Pidgin English and over 80 different local dialects are also spoken.
Religion
More than 95% of the population are Christian. The rest is made up of Roman Catholics, South Sea Evangelists and Seventh-day Adventists.
Electricity
230/240 volts AC, 50Hz. Australian-type flat three-pin plugs are in use.
Social Conventions
A casual atmosphere prevails and European customs exist alongside local traditions. Informal wear is widely suitable although women often wear long dresses for evening functions. Men need never wear ties. In general, women should dress modestly and appropriately, noting that certain public areas may be exclusively reserved for men. It is customary to cover thighs. Visitors are discouraged from wearing beachwear and shorts around towns and villages. Swearing is a crime and can lead to huge compensation claims and even jail.