Western Great Britain.

20,732 sq km (8,004 sq miles).

2.95 million (official estimate 2004).

142.3 per sq km.

Cardiff. Population: 319,700 (official estimate 2005).

Wales is a country of great geographical variation with many long stretches of attractive and often rugged coastline. South Wales is mainly known for its industrial heritage but the western part of the coast between Carmarthen Bay and St David’s is similar to that of the more pastoral west country of England, and backed by some equally beautiful countryside. The scenery of Mid Wales includes rich farming valleys, the broad sandy sweep of Cardigan Bay and rolling hill country. North Wales is one of the most popular tourist areas in the British Isles, with many lively coastal resorts. Inland, the region of Snowdonia has long been popular with walkers and climbers. Much of the central inland area of the country is mountainous, with some breathtaking scenery.

HM Queen Elizabeth II.

First Minister Rhodri Morgan since 2000.

Following a referendum in 1999, Wales was granted its own assembly with a considerable degree of autonomy. The Welsh Assembly does not have a similar level of power and responsibility as that enjoyed by the Scottish Parliament, in that it cannot raise taxes, but it does give the Welsh considerably more say in their own destiny than in the previous nine centuries.

Following elections in May 2007, newly elected Labour assembly members are in discussions over the party's options for power. Labour is the biggest party, winning 26 out of the 60 seats, but is short of an overall majority in the Senedd. A possible coalition with the Liberal Democrats has already brought some criticism from within both parties. Second biggest party Plaid Cymru also holds a group meeting and leaders have not ruled out an agreement with Labour.

English and Welsh are the official languages. Welsh is taught in all schools, and at least one-fifth of the population speaks it.

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