* A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers over one year of age arriving from infected areas.

All water should be regarded as being potentially contaminated. Water used for drinking, brushing teeth or making ice should have first been boiled or otherwise sterilised. Milk is unpasteurised and should be boiled. Powdered or tinned milk is available and is advise. Avoid dairy products that are likely to have been made from unboiled milk. Only eat well-cooked meat and fish. Avoid food from street vendors. Vegetables should be cooked and fruit peeled.

Hepatitis E and dysentery are widespread. Hepatitis B is hyperendemic. Meningitis is present all year and vaccination is sometimes advised. Bilharzia (schistosomiasis) is present; avoid swimming and paddling in fresh water. HIV/AIDS is prevalent. Rabies is present. For those at high risk, vaccination before arrival should be considered. If you are bitten, seek medical advice without delay.

Full medical insurance, including repatriation, is essential. Medical supplies are limited. In the event of a serious accident, evacuation by air ambulance may be required.