* A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers over one year of age coming from all countries.

All water should be regarded as being potentially contaminated. Water used for drinking, brushing teeth or making ice should have first been boiled or otherwise sterilised. Milk is unpasteurised and should be boiled. Powdered or tinned milk is available and is advised. Avoid dairy products which are likely to have been made from unboiled milk. Only eat well cooked meat and fish. Vegetables should be cooked and fruit peeled.

Bilharzia (schistosomiasis) is present; avoid swimming and paddling in fresh water. Hepatitis B is hyperendemic and hepatitis E is widespread. Meningitis risk is present depending on area visited and time of year. There is a high incidence of HIV/AIDS. Rabies is present. For those at high risk, vaccination before arrival should be considered. If you are bitten, seek medical advice without delay.

Health care facilities in the main towns are up to international standards but expensive; medical insurance is essential.