Siena history

Siena grew wealthy in the early Middle Ages, as it was an important stop on the Via Francigena - the pilgrim route from France to Rome.

The influx of travellers and merchants led to the establishment of hostels, shops, a university and banking facilities - including, in 1472, the powerful Monte dei Paschi Bank, which still has its headquarters in the city.

However, in the 16th century, the independent city state was beaten by its enemy to the north, Florence, and became part of Tuscany.