Algeria Weather, climate and geography
Weather and climate
Best time to visit
Algeria's climate varies significantly between the Mediterranean coast and the vast Sahara in the south. Most travellers will experience either the temperate northern climate or the extreme desert conditions further inland.
Spring runs from March to May and is one of the most pleasant times to visit. In coastal cities such as Algiers and Oran, daytime temperatures typically range from 15–25°C (59–77°F). Inland areas can be slightly warmer, while the Sahara begins to heat up toward late spring.
Summer lasts from June to September and can be very hot. Along the coast, temperatures generally range from 25–35°C (77–95°F), often moderated by sea breezes. In the Sahara, temperatures frequently exceed 40°C (104°F) and can rise considerably higher during heatwaves. Travel in southern regions during peak summer requires careful planning.
Autumn, from October to November, brings milder and more comfortable conditions. Coastal temperatures usually range from 18–28°C (64–82°F), gradually cooling toward late November. The desert also becomes more manageable during this period, making it a popular time for organised tours.
Winter runs from December to February. Coastal areas remain relatively mild, with temperatures typically between 10–18°C (50–64°F). Northern mountainous regions can experience cold weather and occasional snowfall, while desert nights can be surprisingly cold despite warm daytime temperatures.
Overall, Algeria offers a Mediterranean climate in the north and a true desert climate in the south, with significant regional variation that travellers should take into account when planning their visit.
Required clothing
Clothing needs in Algeria vary considerably depending on region and season. In the northern coastal areas, lightweight clothing is suitable for much of the year, particularly from spring through autumn. During the hotter summer months, breathable fabrics are advisable, while evenings in spring and autumn may require a light jacket or sweater.
Winter in northern cities can be cool and occasionally wet, especially between November and February. A medium-weight jacket or coat is recommended during this period, and visitors travelling to mountainous regions should be prepared for colder conditions and possible snowfall.
In the Sahara and southern regions, daytime temperatures can be extremely high for much of the year, but nights, particularly in winter, can be surprisingly cold. Layered clothing is advisable for desert travel, along with protection from sun exposure.
Rainfall is concentrated mainly in the north during autumn and winter. A light waterproof jacket or compact umbrella is useful during these months. Rain is rare in the Sahara, but strong sun, wind and sand are common considerations when preparing clothing for desert travel.
As Algeria is a relatively conservative country, modest dress is recommended in public places. Clothing that covers shoulders and knees is advisable, particularly outside major cities and when visiting religious sites.
Geography
Algeria is the largest country in Africa, occupying a vast stretch of North Africa between the Mediterranean Sea and the heart of the Sahara. Its sheer size defines the travel experience: distances are long, landscapes are dramatic, and regional contrasts are striking.
Algeria shares land borders with Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Mali, Mauritania and Morocco. To the north, it has a Mediterranean coastline stretching for around 1,600km (1,000 miles), where most of the population lives.
Northern Algeria is defined by fertile plains and two mountain chains: the Tell Atlas near the coast and the Saharan Atlas further inland. These regions contain the country's main cities, agricultural land and Roman ruins. South of the mountains lies the Sahara Desert, which covers more than four-fifths of the country. This immense terrain includes sand dunes (ergs), rocky plateaus (regs), dry valleys (wadis), and isolated mountain massifs.
Algeria's highest point is Mount Tahat (2,908m / 9,541ft), located in the Hoggar Mountains in the far south. The lowest point is at sea level along the Mediterranean coast. The dramatic shift from cool coastal breezes to arid desert extremes is one of the country's defining geographical features.